Disease Types

Find information and care by disease type.

Each disease type page brings together information about the condition, treatment options, our physicians, locations, patient stories, and news in one place.

Looking for a specific treatment instead? Visit our Treatment Options page. If you are looking for oncology terms or medication definitions, visit the Oncology Dictionary page.

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Browse by Disease Type

Browse curated collections of information. Learn more about the breadth of expertise of our Physicians.

Blood & Bone Marrow

See treatment information for blood cancers and benign hematology conditions.

Bone & Soft Tissue

Learn about sarcoma and orthopedic oncology care, physicians, and treatment options.

Brain & CNS

Explore care for brain tumors and central nervous system cancers, including specialists and treatment pathways.

Breast

Learn about breast cancer care, physicians, treatment approaches, and support resources.

Gastrointestinal

See treatment information for gastrointestinal cancers, including care teams and next steps.

Genitourinary

Find information on genitourinary cancer care, specialists, and treatment planning.

Gynecologic

Learn about gynecologic oncology treatment options, physicians, and support resources.

Head & Neck

Explore head and neck cancer treatment, care teams, and patient resources.

Skin

Review skin cancer care options, specialists, and treatment resources.

Thoracic / Lung

Review thoracic and lung cancer care options, physicians, and related support services.

Cancer Treatment Options

Most treatment plans combine several of these approaches. Your Virginia Cancer Specialists care team builds a plan around your specific diagnosis — explore each option below, or browse all treatments & services.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses powerful medicines to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth, and it remains one of the most widely used and effective cancer treatments. It can be given on its own or alongside surgery, radiation, or other therapies.

Given by IV infusion or as pills, in planned cycles with recovery time between
Delivered in our offices by our medical oncology team, close to home
Often used to shrink a tumor before surgery or lower the risk of recurrence after

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses precisely targeted, high-energy X-rays to destroy cancer cells while sparing nearby healthy tissue. Virginia Cancer Specialists offers advanced, state-of-the-art radiation for a wide range of cancers and select benign conditions.

Painless outpatient treatments that usually take only minutes a day
Planned and delivered with image guidance by our APEx-accredited radiation oncology team
Can be the main treatment, or support surgery and chemotherapy

Surgery to Treat Cancer

Surgery is one of the oldest and most effective treatments for cancer. For many cancers, removing the tumor offers the best chance for a positive outcome, often combined with other therapies before or after the operation.

Used to diagnose, stage, and treat cancer, and to relieve symptoms
Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted techniques when appropriate
Coordinated with your medical and radiation oncologists as one care plan

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy helps your body’s own immune system recognize, target, and destroy cancer cells. Over the past decade it has transformed treatment for many types of cancer.

Works with your immune system rather than attacking cells directly
Usually given by IV infusion in our offices
May be used alone or with chemotherapy, radiation, or targeted therapy

Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy focuses on the specific genes, proteins, and other molecular features that help cancer cells grow and survive. By attacking what makes a cancer unique, it can be highly effective with fewer effects on healthy cells.

Guided by biomarker and genomic testing of your cancer
Taken as pills or given by infusion
Often paired with chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or immunotherapy

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy treats cancers that use the body’s natural hormones to grow — most commonly breast and prostate cancers — by lowering hormone levels or blocking their effects.

Usually pills or injections rather than infusions
Can lower the risk of recurrence after surgery or radiation
Managed by your medical oncology team, sometimes over months or years

Specialized Programs

CAR T-Cell Therapy Program — one of the most advanced treatments for certain blood cancers: your own immune cells, re-engineered to fight the disease.

Scalp Cooling — cold-cap therapy that can significantly reduce hair loss during many types of chemotherapy.

Clinical Trials & Research — access to tomorrow’s treatments today through the Virginia Cancer Specialists Research Institute.

Ready to Make an Appointment?

If you have questions about whether this treatment or service may be right for you, make an appointment with the Virginia Cancer Specialists team.